Problems of Solid Waste Management (With Reference to Bhilai Nagar Nigam, Chhattisgarh)
Dr. Rajashree Chatterjee1, Prof. P.K. Sharma2
1Research Associate, School of Studies in Sociology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur – 492010(C.G.)
2HOD, School of Studies in Sociology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur – 492010(C.G.)
rajashree1901@gmail.com*Corresponding Author E-mail: drabhay03@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
In the capitalist and highly industrial world, every major city has sanitation problem. Urbanization is challenged with evolving population as explosive; as the problem of sanitation is more serious than it appears to be, linked with various types of problems like socio-economic, health and hygiene etc. In Industrial towns, the most elementary traditions of municipal services are absent, slums faces problems related to open drainage, lack of water supply and lack of waste management. As per census of India 2011, access to sanitation is highly adequate in the urban areas , (19% of urban poor slums) where people defecate in the open, beside railway tracks etc and 42% have toilets but without flush all resulting to poor sanitation and various health problems. UNICEF 2006 report states – that as per India’s national Urban Sanitation Policy – there is loss of Rs.500 crore due to disease caused by poor sanitation for children under 14 yrs. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) extends to access to improved sanitation to at least urban population by 2015, where as GOI- defines waste management as the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling resue and residual disposal of solid waste, but against it the Indian municipalities are responsible for collecting, sweeping, storage and disposal of waste.These challenges are faced by urban cities regarding slums and waste disposal. As India is marching for Swachchh Bharat Mission not only proper disposal of waste is required but also a need for Nirmal State is mandatory( toilets in every house hold)
The study focuses on the Nagar Nigam of Bhilai with the objective of awaring residents for the use of latrines (under IHHL scheme) and strategies opted by state Govt. And Waste management of the concerned areas
KEY WORDS: Sanitation, waste management, Nirmal State, municipal, Sustainable
For countries with low financial condition accompanied by inefficient institutional structural, the major problem is associated with the huge pile of waste dumped in unlawful locations. Maximum of the landfills are not at the right location, sanitary hygienic condition, tracking and monitoring of waste dumped. Further failure of drainage system substantially reduces the efficiency of waste management, increasing contamination of soil and water. Also the Nagar Nigam do not apply integrate waste management activities and only collection and disposal in an unplanned manner 1
Waste management of Nagar Nigam of the Study area is not based on the principle of (integrated) waste management and local strategy of the concerned area in an unplanned character. Accounting monitory and evidence of municipal waste management operation, including recyclables is negligible. The municipal, which is facing severe lack of technical, trained and permanent staffs, is not providing sanitary services in a proper manner. Few projects were taken by private organizers like implementation of integrated waste management, recovery of animal waste, organic sludge from water plant treatments but due to lack of cooperation from municipal authorities and lack of financial sources they remain incomplete.
On the other hand Bhilai Steel Plant in black and white have terms and conditions to discharge all its industrial waste after treatment .These discharge flow into big nala called Kosa Nala whose water is used by the nearby slum dwellers for their daily routine work. The current problems of waste management are- spontaneous and illegal dumps , ignoring the formal character of granting environment permits for municipal landfills and above all ecological and sanitation hygiene rules.
The Shanghai Declaration on Better cities, better life states –“cities should respect nature consider its ecological environment as an asset and above all citizens of the cities must work in coordination to create sustainable lifestyle and environment co-exist in harmony.2
Looking at the grass root level, from rural to urban world all are at the nexus of the environment threat, due to day to day increasing quantity of waste products. In many areas the municipal waste are not even properly managed, cent percent of the collected wastes are disposed of uncontrolled land filling and no part of it is either processed through safe and recycled.
The challenging waste management decisions required immediate attention as well as potential issues that require strategic and integrated planning and implementation. The improved facilities for collection, recycling, treatment and disposal is very costly. The operating sanitary landfills and implementation of plants require huge investments .The integrated solid waste management must be encouraged to pursue the paths of 3RS- Reduce, Re use, and Recycle, putting highest priority for waste recycling rather trying to cope up for ever increasing amounts of waste . these efforts not reduce the pressure on landfills requirement but also reduce the financial expenses, which puts heavy burden on the local bodies. Day to day there have been scare in the raw materials from natural sources the local bodies must focus on the policies directing for recycle based society for clean healthy pleasant living environment for its citizen for the current and future generation.
Urban consumption patterns, and the waste generated, have changed rapidly. Sustainable urban waste management solutions which will simultaneously address environmental and social challenges, to reuse and recycle, engage with citizens and responsible for circumstantial change3 . Current policies and rules on urban waste suggest waste is seen solely as an environmental policy issue4 Policies focus on specific aspects of the management of urban waste (collection, segregation, storage, treatment, and its disposal by different agencies), prescribing standards for treatment and its disposal, regulation of these standards.5 Open Dumps and open burning continue to be the primary method of Solid waste management 6
Study Area :-
The study is to analyze the functioning of Bhilai Nagar Nigam regarding Waste management and problems faced for proper functioning
Bhilai Nagar Nigam With population of 625,697 as per census 2011 with population density of 3937 per km2.Total literacy rate 87.23% female literacy rate 80.99 % and male 93.12%, divided in six zones Bhilai Municipal Corporation Popularly known as Bhilai Nagar Nigam, and 48 notified slums and more than 20 un notified slums connected with NH-6 and Howrah –Mumbai Rail Route. Running programmes of Nagar Nigam are Balmiki Ambedkar Housing Policy for the homeless and in its third phase of the scheme under the umbrella of NIRMAL BHARAT YOJNA building of toilets. Further proposals for pay and use toilets is also there to be implemented. These were central policy. Followed by state policy include requirement of parks for children, cleaning of tanks, Beautification of the city ,Atal Awas Yojna etc.
The objectives of the study include:
1 To analyze the Sanitation awareness regarding using toilets.
2.Lack of technical expertise regarding waste management.
3. To study the personal beliefs and behavior regarding hygiene.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
One can imagine when cities can face the problem of waste management. People not only suffer the problems related waste management but also poor sanitation condition. The concept of swachh bharat Abhiyan is the dream concept of mahatma Gandhi and aim to ensure access to sanitation facilities and safe and adequate drinking water supply to all by 2019. Above all the biggest challenge is the construction of 112 million toilets by 2019 to attain swachh Bharat, ensuring overall cleanliness, hygiene behavior availability of water to toilets and regular use of it The suggested approach focusing heavily on collective behavioral change. Emphasis is to be placed on awareness generation, triggering behaviour change and demand generation for sanitary facilities in, Anganwadis, places of Community congregation, Houses, Schools and for Solid and Liquid WasteManagement activities. Focus will be on Inter Personal Communication (IPC), especially of triggering of demand and use of toilets through social and behavioural change communication and house-to house interventions. No such IEC campaign done by Nagar Nigam And any Organization.
CONCLUSION:
At grass root level the waste management responsibilities in urban areas lies with cities and municipalities. The success of waste management can be possible with the involvement of a wide range of stake holders and their policy implementation. The key to success is what they are good at and collaboration with other communities and informal sector, NGOs in the interest of waste management services and improvement in its efficiency and political effectiveness. The types of waste produced depend upon the standard of living. Cities with low- and middle income group have maximum percent of organic waste where as high income group produce inorganic waste like plastic and electric goods and e-waste.
REFERENCES:
1. www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf
2. Prasad M-Shanghai manual-A guide for sustainable Urban development in 21st century
3. www.toxieslink.org
4. Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2000.
5. Plastic Waste Management and Handling Rules 2009
6. Chandak, S. P. (2010). Trends in Solid Waste Management – Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities presented at the International Consultative Meetingon Expanding Waste Management Services in Developing Countries, 18-19 March 2010, Tokyo, Japan
7. https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/BHILAI-DURG-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-PRIVATE-LIMITED/U90009CT2
8. http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/2012/07/kivar-environ-to-develop-450-tpd-integrated-waste-sy
9. www.toxicslink.org.
10. EMP report-Solid waste management and Sanitation Facilities, National Productive Council Gwahati
11. http://indiagovernance.gov.in/files/NUSP.pdf,2014
12. Krishne G- Solid Waste Management in the Slums and Squatter Settlements in the City of Bangalore, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013
13. Martin M-Municipal Solid waste management third world cities, Human Settlement Development Vol.III,
14. Mohammad H I C- Solid Waste Service Delivery For Slum Areas Through Strengthening Partnership Between Local Government And NGOs, Berlin 2007.
15. UNEP (2011), Waste – Investing in resource and energy efficiency, Towards a Green Economy,www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/GER_8_Waste.pdf
16. UNEP (2005). E-waste, the hidden side of IT equipment’s manufacturing and use, Environmental Alert Bulletin,http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/download/ew_ewaste.en.pdf
17. Bournay E. (2006). Vital waste graphic 2, Volume 2, Basel Convention, UNEP and GRID-Arendal,Secondedition, http://www.grida.no/_res/site/File/publications/vital-waste2/VWG2_p32and33.pdf
18. Eurostat-(2010).End-of-lifevehicles(ELVs), Reuseand Recoveryrate, lastupdatedon 16.04.2010,
19. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/data/wastestreams/elvs
20. UN-HABITAT (2009). Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities: Pre-Publication Series, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi
21. UNEP (2010). Framework of global partnership on waste management, Note by Secretariat, http://www.unep.or.jp/ Ietc/SPC/news-nov10/3_Framework OfGPWM.pdf
22. Draft Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2013
23. Mannual on Solid Waste Management 2014
24. Planning Commission Report of the Taskforce on Waste to Energy 2014
25. Bundela P.S.- International Journal Of Environmental Sciences Volume 1, No 4, 2010
26. Draft Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission(SBM) Government of India Ministry of Urban Development-2014
27. Kanika Kaul -Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Prospects and Challenges
28. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2009
29. Peter Schübeler- Conceptual Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries, UNDP/UNCHS (Habitat)/World Bank/SDC Collaborative Programme on Municipal Solid Waste management in Low-Income Countries, 1996
30. Report of Government of India,Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, 2014
Received on 31.10.2015 Modified on 20.11.2015
Accepted on 15.12.2015 © A&V Publication all right reserved
Int. J. Rev. & Res. Social Sci. 3(4): Oct. - Dec., 2015; Page 171-174